Risk and systems in African markets

This working paper sets out how we think about the intersection of operational technology and institutional risk in Southern African markets — the terrain where a pension fund, an insurer or a health platform has to be both well-built and well-modelled to survive scrutiny.

What the paper covers

• Why systems and risk are usually treated as separate problems, and what that separation costs institutions.
• Patterns that have scaled on the continent — and patterns that have quietly failed.
• A framework for deciding when to build, when to buy, and when to carry risk yourself.

Who it’s for

Boards, financiers and regulators who have to rely on numbers and systems they did not build themselves — and the teams who answer to them.

Download the full paper below.